Carbon emission reductions or carbon removals only become carbon credits when certified by a standard upon successful verification by a third-party validation/ verification body (VVB). Due diligence is necessary to validate carbon credits and determine their quality. Standard setters often require that the impact from a carbon emissions reduction or carbon removal is real, measurable, permanent, additional, independently verified (by a VVB), unique and traceable. Two main types of bodies play a role within the certification process: standard setters and validation/ verification bodies (VVBs). Standard setters include organisations such as Verra (Verified Carbon Standard) or the Gold Standard. These organisations support and accept methodologies for different project types to develop carbon credits. The VVBs are independent third parties which are approved to perform verification and validation. Currently, Verra alone has approved close to 30 validation/verification bodies across 5 continents 46. Once a project has been registered under a standard and validated by an independent VVB, project developers must continue to report data on a frequent basis for ongoing monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV).